Commercial pilot path

A1/A3 — starting your commercial journey

A1/A3 competency is the mandatory first step for any pilot pursuing commercial UAV work. Even if A2 or STS is your ultimate target, A1/A3 lets you take on lower-risk commercial jobs immediately.

First commercial projects typically include real-estate photography in rural areas, mapping and agricultural monitoring — all achievable with A1/A3 and a legacy C3 aircraft.

A2 — proximity opens more markets

The A2 certificate with a C2-class aircraft allows flight at 30 m from uninvolved persons, and 5 m in Low-Speed Mode. This is a transformative shift for commercial operations in populated areas.

Urban real-estate filming, industrial inspections and event photography in cities require A2. Preparing for A2 means adding meteorology, flight performance and human factors to your existing knowledge.

STS — the highest commercial open-category tier

STS-01 allows flight over people in a controlled ground area with C5 aircraft. STS-02 permits BVLOS operations within a 1 km visually-observed zone. These are the most capable commercial scenarios without entering the Specific category.

STS requires both theoretical and practical examinations through an accredited organisation. Commercial use cases: crop spraying, search and rescue, pipeline inspection and railway surveys.

Insurance at every career stage

From your first A1/A3 commercial project, OC insurance is mandatory. Commercial pilots need a policy that explicitly covers commercial operations — not a hobby-only policy. A minimum of €1 million is recommended.

Insurance requirements grow with your operations: A2 projects often demand higher coverage than A1/A3 work. STS contracts may specify insurance minimums set by the client.

Frequently asked questions

Can I take commercial projects with A1/A3 only?

Yes, provided operations stay within A1/A3 limits: correct distance from people, aircraft weight and operation type. A1/A3 is sufficient for most early-stage commercial projects.

How long does it typically take to reach STS level?

On average 6–18 months from A1/A3 to STS, depending on study pace and practical experience. The A2 intermediate stage typically takes 2–4 months.