EASA drone categories: A1, A2, A3 and STS explained

1. How the EASA category structure works

EASA drone regulation is built on operational risk levels: the open category covers standard conditions, while the specific category covers more complex scenarios. Choosing the right category affects both safety and legal compliance.

Official qualifications are administered by your National Aviation Authority (NAA). A2STS helps you prepare for theory exams. This separation makes it clear where learning happens and where official assessment takes place.

2. A1/A3 - the foundation for every remote pilot

A1/A3 is the entry-level theoretical qualification that practically every drone pilot starts with. The official A1/A3 test has 40 questions, a 40-minute time limit, and a 75 % pass threshold.

A1/A3 covers core safety, airspace, and responsibility principles. Without this base, moving to A2 or STS is significantly harder. A2STS provides 252+ A1/A3 practice questions free.

3. When the A2 category is required

A2 matters when you plan operations closer to uninvolved persons than A3 conditions allow. The exam: 30 questions in 30 minutes with a 75 % threshold, so both knowledge depth and time management count.

For photography, real estate, and technical inspection services, A2 is often the practical minimum. Preparation typically happens on A2STS; official assessment is at your NAA.

4. When to move to STS (specific category)

STS applies when operations no longer fit open-category limits and declared Standard Scenarios are required. The STS theoretical exam has 60 questions in 60 minutes with the same 75 % pass threshold.

Because STS covers more ground, staged preparation is recommended. In practice, operators often complete A2 first, then move to STS.

5. Certificate validity and career planning

A2 and STS qualifications are generally managed on a 5-year renewal cycle. Planning renewal early avoids operational gaps in commercial projects.

For a stable drone career, the most effective path is usually: A1/A3 → A2 → STS. This ensures logical theory progression.

Frequently asked questions

Is A1/A3 enough for all commercial operations?

Not always. Some work requires A2; more complex scenarios require STS.

What is the difference between A2 and STS?

A2 is open category with a 30/30 format. STS is specific category with a 60/60 format and greater procedural depth.

Where are official exams held?

At your National Aviation Authority (NAA). A2STS is for preparation and practice.

What validity period applies to A2 and STS?

Career planning typically assumes a 5-year renewal cycle, but always check the latest guidance from your NAA before making decisions.