STS procedures: what the exam actually tests

Roughly 45% of STS theory weight sits on procedures — understanding workflow beats memorising headlines.

1. Why procedures dominate STS

Specific-category flights need repeatable safety steps. Questions ask for the correct order of actions when risk increases.

2. STS-01 in plain language

VLOS over a controlled ground area with limits on overflight of uninvolved persons. Know volume boundaries and mitigation tools.

3. STS-02 in plain language

BVLOS with observers or technical means. Emphasis on communication, lost-link and contingency paths.

4. Checklists and human factors

Pre-flight, in-flight change and abort criteria appear often. Link crew roles and decision authority.

5. How to train procedures

Map each procedure step to a real mission you fly. Then run 60/60 simulations focusing on procedural errors only.