VLOS and BVLOS for STS
STS scenarios are built around how you maintain situational awareness when the pilot cannot see the aircraft directly.
1. VLOS basics
Pilot maintains direct visual contact without aids beyond corrective lenses — limits distance and orientation tasks.
2. BVLOS and observers
When VLOS is not possible, mitigations include observers, technology or operational volume constraints.
3. STS-01 vs STS-02
STS-01 typically VLOS over controlled ground; STS-02 introduces BVLOS elements with stricter coordination.
4. Exam scenarios
You may be asked which mitigation applies when visibility drops or obstacles block line of sight.
5. Training tip
Create a decision tree: condition → mitigation → abort. Practise with STS procedural question sets.